What are minerals in the context of nutrition?

Prepare effectively for the Over-the-Counter Drugs, Herbal Supplements, Vitamins, and Minerals Test. Engage with detailed flashcards and interactive multiple-choice questions, accompanied by informative hints and explanations. Get exam-ready with confidence!

Minerals are inorganic elements the body must obtain from food and water to support normal metabolism and function. They do not provide energy and they are not organic vitamins. Some minerals are needed in larger amounts (like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and chloride) while others are required in smaller amounts (such as iron, zinc, copper, iodine, selenium, and fluoride). They act as essential cofactors for enzymes, help regulate fluid and acid-base balance, support nerve and muscle function, and provide structural roles (for example, calcium and phosphorus in bones and teeth). Because they are essential, deficiencies lead to specific problems (iron deficiency causing anemia, iodine deficiency affecting thyroid function, calcium deficiency contributing to weaker bones), and excessive intake can cause toxicity or imbalance. A balanced diet typically covers mineral needs, with supplements used only when recommended by a healthcare professional.