Which statement describes electrolytes?

• A. They are vitamins that assist in energy production.
• B. They are minerals that carry an electric charge and support nerve, muscle, and fluid balance.
• C. They are proteins that function as enzymes.
• D. They are carbohydrates used for primary energy.

Answer: (B)

Electrolytes are minerals that dissolve in body fluids and form charged particles (ions). This electrical charge is essential for transmitting nerve impulses and triggering muscle contractions, including the heartbeat, and for regulating fluid balance between body compartments as well as maintaining an appropriate pH. Common electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, and phosphate. The statement that describes electrolytes as minerals carrying an electric charge and supporting nerve, muscle, and fluid balance accurately reflects their role in the body. Vitamins, enzymes, and carbohydrates serve different functions—vitamins help energy production, enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions, and carbohydrates provide primary energy—so they don’t describe electrolytes.